Case study 03

Redesigning the paint shop I used to work in: 5S on a factory floor

Role
Production engineer at Avant Tecno, a Finnish compact-loader manufacturer, and before that four summers as a paint-shop operator in the very process I was now redesigning
Methods
5S / lean · embedded observation · co-design with operators · layout design · standard work documentation
Timeline
Planned and executed in May–July 2021; the plan targeted three to four weeks per paint shop
Outcome
Both paint-shop workstations reorganised with named locations for everything · new standard work sheet, audit form and working instructions · handover to my supervisor for final evaluation

The user was me

Avant’s older paint-shop line had grown messy the way every busy workstation does: tools scattered, hundreds of hanging hooks and plugs without fixed places, rarely-needed spare parts in the middle of daily work. I knew this personally, because before my engineering studies I had spent four summers working that station. In 2021 I came back as a production engineer, and the assignment was to bring 5S, the lean workplace-organisation method, to the paint shops.

Knowing the work from the inside was a head start, not a shortcut. I knew, for example, that paint stuck to hanging plugs was both the biggest source of waste material and one of the biggest time sinks. But I wasn’t the one doing the job anymore, so I built the whole plan around asking the people who were.

A plan built on evidence and the operators’ say

I structured the redesign along the five 5S phases, and made three decisions I’d still defend today:

Sort by measured frequency, not by opinion. Every item was categorised by how often it was actually needed, from several times a day to a few times a year. For the uncertain cases I planned a simple experiment: tag the item, remove the tag when it gets used, and see how long the tags survive. Placement then followed frequency: the daily items closest to the workstation, the yearly ones to the far-end storage.

Ask the operators at every step. What should live where, how detailed should the labelling be, what storage solutions would actually help. The plan literally has “ask for their preferences” written into each phase. One early comment from an operator stuck with me, roughly: “at least someone is actually trying to directly improve our working conditions.”

Make it survive without me. Named and labelled locations for everything, a standard work sheet mapping the station, an audit form for regular self-assessment, working instructions, and a proposal to extend the newer paint shop’s maintenance plan to the old one. Organisation that lives in one person’s head isn’t organisation.

Working plan · five phases, three to four weeks per shop

The 5S plan on one page

The phases as the 2021 plan laid them out, with the decisions that shaped each. Operator input was written into the plan, not assumed.

  1. Sort Erottele

    Every item categorised by how often the work actually needs it, from several times a day to a few times a year. Uncertain items enter the tag experiment instead of a debate.

  2. Simplify Yksinkertaista

    Placement follows measured frequency: daily items within reach of the station, weekly nearby, the yearly ones to far-end storage.

  3. Clean Puhdista

    The stations cleared and cleaned; what the mess had hidden, including maintenance needs, surfaces here.

  4. Systematise Systematisoi

    A named, labelled location for every hook, plug, tool and chemical; storage solutions chosen with the operators, at the labelling detail they prefer.

  5. Standardise Standardoi

    A standard work sheet mapping the station, an audit form for regular self-assessment, and working instructions, so the order survives any single person.

Placement by measured frequency

Several times a day · within arm’s reach of the station
Weekly · in the same working area
Monthly · shelving and racks close by
A few times a year · far-end storage

Uncertain how often something is used? Tag it. The tag comes off at first use, and the tags still hanging at the end argue for the far shelf.

The tag experiment: measuring behaviour before deciding placement.

Written into every phase: ask the operators what would actually help, from storage solutions to how detailed the labelling should be.

The 2021 plan condensed to one page, recreated from the original working documents. No proprietary process detail shown.

The pivot, and what shipped

Mid-project, priorities shifted: the newly built, larger paint shop needed sorting first, so I re-planned and executed a second, adapted version there before finishing the old line. Between the two stations, what shipped: cleared and re-placed storage with named locations for every hook, plug and chemical, a tool wall, box-and-rack systems for small parts, a mobile work table fitted to the new station’s measurements, and the documentation above.

Layout design · the hanging station, before and after

From “somewhere over there” to a named place for everything

Work station spares, mid-floor

Before · every frequency, everywhere

Daily tools, monthly fixtures and yearly spares shared the same shelves; finding things was part of the job.

Work station tool wall daily weekly monthly yearly · far storage mobile table

After · zones step outward by frequency

Named locations, a tool wall by the station, and a mobile table fitted to the new shop’s measurements.

Abstracted before-and-after sketch of the hanging station; proportions indicative. No original photos or floor plans exist to show.

An honest ending

I never got to run the final evaluation step of my own plan. The other painter fell seriously ill, and I spent the rest of the summer filling in for him on the old line. There is a neat symmetry in ending the project back on the floor, though I won’t inflate it: the old shop was still only partly re-modelled, and most of what I had changed served the hanging-station operators rather than the painter whose job I was covering. My supervisor took over the remaining follow-through, and his feedback was about the thoroughness of the work, which I’ll take.

Years and a UX degree later, I can name what I was instinctively doing: contextual knowledge, co-design, measuring behaviour before deciding, designing for maintainability. 5S was my first service-design project; I just didn’t know the words yet.

The encore

Hard Voltage, event visuals

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